MKT3018 E-retailing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MKT3018 E-retailing - Assignment ExampleThe number of users of eBay had increased considerably. In the year 2000, the summate views of eBay sites were almost 120130 m on a daily floor and the figure rose to 325 m per day in 2003 (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Resource cogency of eBay From the inception of eBay, it had outsourced the administration and prerequisites of the core constituents of the technical capability, for example, bandwidth prerequisite, website hosting, and data axis hosting at the analogous time owing to the authentic server controlled in the hosting hubs. Technical efficacy For a caller-up to become more feasible in internet obtain the most important factor is the technical capability. It is important for a company to have strong technical capacity in order to survive in the business. The technical capability signifies adequate capability to serve web pages, line of business listings, customer details and sales transaction procedures. These features play vital part for draftsmanship fresh customers as well as maintaining alive customers. With regard to eBay, its technical capability is made up of several modules which are bandwidth, inventory capability, and processing capability. These modules are administered independently in eBay. eBay has system availability which works as a substitute for capacity, since it replicates the part of customer requirements that are supplied successfully by eBay. It is the crucial accusatory of eBays capability planning (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Product Development Capability (PDC) finished Product Development Capability (PDC), eBay had made itself a strong competitor in the internet shopping segment. In the perspective of eBay, PDC is not only the emolument to the core site utility but also the accumulation of additional...Feasibility Of Developing Expanded Internet Shopping Capability Of eBayeBay is known as one of the ahead(p) international online marketplaces where people can shop almost anything . It provides a stage for trading products or run by various communities and businesses. eBay has the capability to provide expand internet shopping (eBay Inc, 2011). eBay had started its operations in the year 1995. It had good capability in marketing and thus it successfully adjusted with the exceptional growth in the eretailing industry. The number of users of eBay had increased considerably. In the year 2000, the total views of eBay sites were almost 120130 m on a daily basis and the figure rose to 325 m per day in 2003 (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Resource Capability of eBayFrom the inception of eBay, it had outsourced the administration and prerequisites of the core constituents of the technical capability, for example, bandwidth prerequisite, website hosting, and data axis hosting at the same time owing to the authentic server controlled in the hosting hubs.Technical CapabilityFor a company to become more feasible in internet shopping the most important factor is the technical c apability. It is important for a company to have strong technical capacity in order to survive in the business. The technical capability signifies adequate capability to serve web pages, stock listings, customer details and sales transaction procedures. These features play vital part for drawing fresh customers as well as maintaining existing customers. With regard to eBay, its technical capability is made up of several modules which are bandwidth, inventory capability, and processing capability. These modules are administered independently in eBay. eBay has system availability which works as a substitute for capacity, since it replicates the part of customer requirements that are supplied successfully by eBay. It is the crucial objective of eBays capability planning (Frost & Et. Al., 2003). Product Development Capability (PDC)Through Product Development Capability (PDC), eBay had made itself a strong competitor in the internet shopping segment. In the perspective of eBay, PDC is no t only the improvement to the core site utility but also the accumulation of additional services such as payment approval and dispensation, seller assessment and authorisation, expansion of new marketplace e.g. real estate industry and B2B apparatus transactions. In eBay, the PDC includes numerous interior and external resources i.e. practical skills needed to construct and organise pioneering software services that are employed by PDC procedure. The PDC procedure heavily depends on existing shoppers contribution to create and authenticate ideas for new services along with interior business expansion and feasible expansion of the brand & operational capabilities.

Global value chain and domestic value chain Coursework

Global pry chain and domestic value chain - Coursework exemplarThe challenge of the diversity of preference among customers facing a manager in a domestic value chain is minimal compared to that of a world(a) value chain). However, there is a high feasibility of competition by external investors. Thus, aspects such as pricing strategies are necessary. The most prevalent ways of resoluteness these issues including conducting a reconnaissance on the market before starting the operations. Alternatively, better marketing strategies ought to be instituted to facilitate successful decisions. The marketing and sales element of the global value chain starts by assessing and seeking authorization before starting to operate, especially in foreign countries. After production of the services, the value chain is conducted or manned considering the market status in particular nations in which it has invested. For instance, Coca-Cola keep company operates and markets products in countries after complying with the market rules. Similarly, Toyota Company manages to invest in countries after it complies with the cover restrictions and regulations. Alternatively, the value chain the domestic value chain does not face a series of obstructions and necessities before and after instituting the services in the domestic market. For instance, Coca-Cola Company freely operates in the mother country and faces the challenge of market completion only. The same case applies to Toyota Company of Japan. Thus, the costs and revenue associated with these value chains as well differ accordingly.

The Impacts of Managerialism on Human Service in Hong Kong Essay

The Impacts of Managerialism on Human Service in Hong Kong - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that the public sector adopted varied strategies like quality audit, strategic management, quality assurance, internal audit, and performance pledges linking performance with outputs in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of working institutions in Hong Kong. For the past(a) few years, the management system on human service in Hong Kong underwent unprecedented transitions due to the challenges presented by the worldwide tides of human resource management and grocery store trends. Analytical suggestions depict that, these transitions have negatively affect the quality of human service management and applyn rise to the increasing consumerism as well as intense institutional competition. Worst of all, these limitings have led to the diluted sense of commitment and purpose of employees towards their working ideas. With this sense, management on human service and merchandise tren ds has presented advent opportunities for organizations to use these experiences and encounters to demonstrate how they can turn crises and threats in this sector to dictatorial opportunities for development and growth. With reference to this journal, Hong Kong institutions can use good management positive perspectives to increase choices and opportunities to motivate human service, increase employee efficiency, enhance performance, generate additional resources for experimentation and innovation. It should be borne in mind that, as people must be cautious about the negative impacts of management on human service in Hong Kong, they must also conceive this as an opportunity to strengthen organizational capabilities of human service in order to revitalize the core values of good management and strive for social justice and betterment. A review of study and market reform in Hong Kong From the year 2009 to 2010, the government of Hong Kong had presented a review of implementing a new system of senior secondary education. This section will give a review of educational and social service organizations reforms and discuss issues arising from good management approach incorporated in the reform. The growing impact of globalization affected educational development worldwide. Due to the need to maintain the countries competitiveness in the global marketplace, governments around the globe start reviewing their systems of education and policies and initiated different educational reforms in order to enhance the global capacity of their countries manpower and thus improve their competitiveness. Such reforms affected Hong Kongs educational system due to economic freethinking and management. The economic rationalism focused on promoting productivity and growth of the economy and pursued greater efficiency as well as the development of a competitive production culture. On the other hand, the managerial approach focused on objectives of achieving maximum efficiency in educat ional reform by creating impacts of change that required the government of Hong Kong to bear the costs of good management within the education sector.

The Childhood section of Dubliners Essay Example for Free

The Childhood section of Dubliners EssayFrom your reading of the two stories in the Childhood section of Dubliners how is the encounter between different generations portrayed and what do you telephone is its role?The stories An adopt and Sisters contain objective viewpoints nearly the onetime(a) generation, and are told from the perspective of a fresh boy. There is the implication in both stories that the older generation is associated with righteousness which plays a paralysing role in the society of Dublin. The role of the encounter between the different age groups demonstrates the conflict of belief that occurs between young children growing up, forming their own opinions and beliefs, and their elders, who are trying to impress attitudes and traditions on them that seem unnatural to them. There is a suggestion that its role is too representative of the uplift which Catholic Ireland found itself in during this period.The young boy, from whose perspective we see the e lder generation, does not appear to hold the respect he ought to for his elders. In Sisters, the child feels worldly by Old Cotter due to his endless talk about the distillery. The presence of Old Cotter and also that of the strange man in An Encounter are seen as equally undesirable by the narrator, and both are referred to in derogatory terms Old Cotter as a obtuse old fool, and the nameless man by Mahony as a queer old josser.The children feel that they hold in no need for these men in their lives and it is hearty that the word josser is slang meaning priest, exemplifying the disregard the boys feel towards a religion that has been imposed upon them. In addition to these two characters, in An Encounter nonplus Butler is a primary reason for the desire the boys feel for escape from the rebuke during the sober hours. Father Butler clearly has close connection with religion and their dislike of him once more is representative of the hostility the boys feel towards Catholicism a nd its effect on Dublin.The character of Father Flynn possesses a didactic role everywhere the young boy, and we are told he taught him a great deal. Whether this teaching was desired by or imposed upon the narrator is not made clear plainly it is apparent that the priest instilled a current tot of trepidation and awe, as well as admiration, in the boy, due to the adjectives used to describe his appearance, ancient, truculent, grey and massive, with contraband cavernous nostrils. The priests description is symbolic of the way in which the narrator feels about religion one of the main roles that the encounter with the elder generation plays.The colours describe are dark and intimidating, the atmosphere in his room was smoke-filled and one of lethargy, just as religion would have seemed harsh, restrictive and uninspiring. The man in An Encounter, also representing religion does not give a good impression of this central aspect of Irish society, he is perverted and contradictory i n his speech communication, he seemed to have forgotten his recent liberalismhe would whip a boy he would love that. One role of this encounter is to demonstrate the confusion that the boy feels about religion, originally his eyes he sees contradiction in a religious figure, perverted and unnerving contradiction at that, which can only serve to add to that degree more doubt to his wavering faith.In both scenarios the narrator feels relieved when he escapes his elders whom he finds unnerving, indeed the epiphany in Sisters is the moment where he realises that he feels a sensation of freedomby his death. In the same way in An Encounter the boy seizes the first available moment to escape from the strange man, I stood up abruptlysaying that I was obliged to go. There is an urgency to get away from these mysterious characters although this is not apparent to the boy in the context of Father Flynn until he is involuntarily released by his death.Strangely, in the two stories the child f eels an affinity to the elder generation and thus there is a sense of guilt due to the relief he experiences when they are absent. In Sisters the boy definitely admires the priest and despite smack entrapped and paralysed by the religious implications attached to his role in society, there is also a certain empathy he feels towards him.The duties of the priesthood were too much for Father Flynn and smothered him, just as the requirements the boy must conform to in terms of religion are too demanding on his confused and inquisitive mind. In An Encounter the sense of empathy appears at the epiphany of the story, where the narrator realises that, like the man, he had always despised Mahony a little. This sudden, unexpected revelation that has been brought about by the unsettling words of the man demonstrates that the role of the older generation in this scenario has been to help the boy be true to himself and admit his own beliefs, which may unwittingly help him to accept his true re ligious feelings.The language and sentence structure used in Sisters helps to emphasise the generation gap perceived by the reader, words such(prenominal) as endless which imply the length of Old Cotters life as well as his boring talk, the threatening words that indicate the out of reach(p) appearance of Father Flynn due to his age and social significance, blackened, solemn and copious. Where the narrator describes how Father Flynn impressed his knowledge upon him, he lists the topics that he was taught, which shows not only the amount of subjects the two covered, but also symbolises the sheer length and content of the priests long life.The encounters used by Joyce in these two stories play conflicting roles, and contradiction is straightforward even within the same story the boy describes a sense of anxiety to escape from his elders, yet expresses guilt at these feelings. He feels trapped by religion, yet sympathises with a priest about the constraints it makes on society, surpr ising as such a figure should be the embodiment of the restriction he finds it unmanageable to abide by. The distance expressed both in terms of age and in opinion shows how the boy feels controlled by a generation he cannot repair to. This conveys a sense of paralysis affecting the younger generation of Ireland, a generation controlled by its elders and their religion, a religion which controls rather than directs its pupils. The encounters that make up such an important part of the two stories serve to demonstrate the alienation the children of Ireland feel towards their elders and their social situation there simply is not the same strength of feeling towards religion in their lives, an empowering force on their lives and in Dublin.

Policy Suggestions for Reopening Dual Language Essay Example for Free

Policy Suggestions for Reopening Dual diction EssayThis empirical research impart be presented to the Ministry of discipline in chinawargon for the purpose of studying the possibility of reopening Chinese and side of meat dual phrase kindergarten give instructions. In 2004, the Ministry of Education in mainland China had forbidden the operation and establishment of bilinguistic and English kindergarten schools. English could exactly be integrated in songs, plays, and activities alone it could non be taught in the Chinese and English bilingual format and use as a medium of instruction. Kindergarten schools are not also allowed to hire any exotic teachers. All kindergarten teachers must(prenominal) be a natural born Formosan citizen. In the same year, the spokesman of the Ministry of Education cited three reasons for implementing this disciplineal policy. First, they feel that at the preschool stage children should master their native talking to. Second, they are so concern with the quality of pedagogy as they found out that most foreign teachers who retained as English teachers in kindergarten schools do not keep back sufficient knowledge on previous(predicate) childhood education.These teachers are nevertheless hired because they are native English speakers. Third, although Taiwanese students officially start up discipline English on the third grade, they do not lag behind their counterpart in other Asian countries. However, there is not liberal research to prove the positive effect of banning the dual words kindergarten. The research cited by the Ministry of Education to support their policy is discussed in the review of literature. recapitulation of Related LiteratureResearch Supporting the Policy The research use by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan as a basis in living its policy was conducted in 2001 by Dr. Chuang Shiang Chuan and Dr. Chaing Jen Ru. These professionals were invited to conduct a study on the possibility of integrating English in the kindergarten program and hiring foreign teachers to teach in the kindergarten level. In this research, Dr. Chuang Shiang Chuan pointed out that address corresponding for children requires the use of some(prenominal) the expressive and thinking abilities. If the medium of instruction is strictly in English alone, the content of confabulation between the teacher and the students would be very limited. She also indicated that preschool children fail to accurately pronounce and comprehend a foreign language in likeness to the big(a) learners.Further more than, she also stated that learning a foreign language could interfere in the learning of the mother tongue. In terms of hiring foreign teachers, Cheung (2001) felt that foreigners who are working as kindergarten English teachers do not confirm the required skills and knowledge on early childhood education. Their knowledge is solitary(prenominal) limited to the instruct of the English language. In ad dition, hiring of foreign teachers would result in the decrease of job opportunities for students who have completed their education degrees from the teacher preparation institutions.However, the findings of Dr. Cheung may not be objective and conflict of interest is evident as a result of her employment in one of the early childhood teacher preparation institutions. Besides, in the policy controversy published by the Ministry of Education to the human beings on October 10, 2004, it was stated that the research was based on the neuroscience, linguistics and English education findings which indicated that learning English at an early age does not guarantee that children go forth learn better.The Ministry of Education also argued that teenagers learn a foreign language more efficiently than preschool children due to their more mature cognitive development. It is also stated that imposing the No Chinese kindergarten education would result in communication demandingy, unrestrained disturbance, conflict of values and problems in finish identity element which could affect the development of Chinese language learning. Furthermore, the language barrier would limit the breath and dept of childrens learning. Lu Chen (2003) who are researchers in Taiwan also supported the previous findings and argued that it is inappropriate for preschool children to learn a foreign language and culture at an early age. They believed that China would be the strongest boorish in terms of economic stability and the Chinese language would be the next universal language.Hence, parents should not be intent to have their children learn English at a young age. They further stated that there is no critical period in learning a second language so it is not necessary to start learning at preschool age. The researchers also believed that having a good command of the native language is the floor for learning a second language. The absence of an American or British accent is not an importa nt matter to consider in learning the English language. thitherfore, it is unnecessary to study English at an early age to avoid speaking with a foreign accent. Besides the both researchers and one regimen statement above, the book My Child Cant Speak Chinese (Cheung, 2004) is also frequently cited by people who are against using English as the and medium of instruction in the kindergarten education. In this book, Cheung depicted her daughter who tends to combine the English and Chinese syntaxes when speaking Chinese after attending an English only kindergarten school.In the book, the arguments to ban the English only teaching in kindergarten school is understandable considering that children in Taiwan speak Chinese at home and kindergarten is the low education that they have experienced outside their homes. The use of English as the only medium of instruction in their first school may retain the children the wrong impression that English is the formal school language. They may also think that their Chinese language is less important. These thoughts could possibly lead to the confusion of culture identity and negatively affect the learning of the Chinese language. As an international student who had studied in various classes with native English instructors and have worked as the sole foreign teacher in an American school, I understand the anxiety that a child may feel in an English only surround based on my personal experience. Armed with a first hand experience in obtaining an education in an English only school under instructors who are native speakers of the English language and with an experience of being a foreign teacher in an international school, I can powerfully understand and clearly see the point in the policy made in not allowing the operation of the English only kindergarten schools.However, in as untold as I could empathized with the policy makers, I also felt the inadequacy of the study that was conducted before arriving at a recommendati on to close and prohibit the reality of dual language kindergarten schools. There are many dual language kindergartens in the United States and I have taught in an English-Chinese dual lingual public school in New York, P.S. 184M, Shuang steatocystoma School. This is the first dual lingual and bicultural public chief(a) school in the east coast. Children at Shuang Wen have regular English classes as other public school students and start learning Chinese from the kindergarten level and continue studying until the sixth grade. In the Shuang Wens website, there is a report cited that almost 100% of their students exceeded the required grade level standards of the New York State examination for Math and English. With Shuang Wens success, one could only ponder as to why American students are allowed to enroll in an English and Chinese bilingual class since kindergarten while the Taiwanese students in Taiwan have to be deprived of this opportunity. I went through literature reviews b y searching and reviewing dual language related literatures on databases of ERIC, ProQuest, Education Full Text, Digital Dissertations taken from the Teachers College as advantageously as the TC Catalog (EDUCAT). The summary of my findings are written below.Research on Dual linguistic Education The dual lingual education literature reviewed is presented here in the following sections bilingual education has no harm, the benefits of bilingual education, the best bilingual education-dual language program, and the current situation of dual language programs.Bilingual Education Has No Harm Contrary to the findings of the researchers in Taiwan, Norbert (2005), Schambach (2006), Garcia (2006), and Pearson (2007) claimed that bilingual education has no harm to children at all. All the misconceptions were bias. For instance, Cheungs (2003) worry concerning her daughters combined usage of English and Chinese is actually unnecessary. The combined usage of language was part of a learning proc ess that children want to experiment in order to determine which of these two languages the listeners strongest language is. This method would also enable the children to broadcast effectively with their listener (Garcia, 2007). Moreover, the capability of switching between two languages could increase childrens cognitive flexibility (Steward, 2004).In terms of the concerns about the lost of identity and delay in the development of the childrens first language, it was discovered that bilingual children do not have any identity issues because in the bilingual education, childrens culture are respected and recognized (Farmer, 1998 Schambach, 2006). Some children may develop two identities since they are educated in using two languages and two cultures unless this helps children to be more adaptable to the global world and piddle them better to be global citizens.Moreover, Schambach pointed out an example of an identity issue whereby an immigrant child, who emigrated from one unso phisticated to another, felt totally lost when not being accepted in the new country and treated as a foreigner upon return to the country of origin for a short visit. This situation can happen to Taiwanese children if the government is not open to the education that the parents expect for their children in Taiwan.About 77% of parents in Taiwan hope that the government would allow the integration of English in the kindergarten curriculum (Wu Cheng, 2002). The main reason for the immigration to the United States of Taiwanese families is to bequeath better education for their children. If Taiwanese government fails to meet parents expectations, there is a strong possibility that Taiwanese family immigration would lead to a problem on the identity issue for the next generation.The Benefits of Bilingual Education After clarifying that bilingual education creates no harm to children, many researchers pointed out that bilingual education can enhance the development of childrens cognitiv e and social skills (Chan, 2003 Garcia, 2007 Norbert, 2005 Steward, 2004 Thomas, 2003). Chan (2003) compared 31 bilingual preschoolers and 29 monolingual preschoolers performance on 3 cognitive tasks and 4 theory-of-mind tasks. The results showed that the advantage of the bilingual learners in the theory-of-mind development hinges mostly in their cognitive development e.g., inhibitory control, reasoning and metalinguistic awareness. Garcia (2007) quoted the research of Peal and Lamberts work with French and English bilinguals and English monolinguals and suggested that the intellectual experience of acquiring two languages contributed advantageously to mental flexibility, superior concept formation and a generally change set of mental abilities.She also cited Padillas reasoning that bilinguals are cognitively advanced because they are able to process information provided in one language and produce allied information in another language. Padilla used Keats and Keats report of a stu dy as an example which German-English bilinguals, who did not demonstrate the ability to keep up weight in a Piagetian task, were trained to conserve in one of the two languages. Results from English and German post tests indicated that the concept was acquired in both languages. This suggests the possible increased in the flexibility of bilinguals during conceptual acquisition. Steward (2004) cited the finding of Willig who pointed out that students in the bilingual programs scored either the same or higher on the achievement tests in both languages in comparison with children in monolingual education.Steward also agreed with Cummings, Hakuta and Golds opinion that the bilingual program has increased childrens cognitive flexibility. Thomas (2003) further stated that the cognitive stimulus from the bilingual program led to enhanced creativity and analytical thinking. He also presented the result taken from Houston in 2002 that native English speakers, who had been in the two way du al-language programs for four old age, scored between 63rd and 70th percentiles in total reading scores in the Stanford 9 whereas the scores of students in the monolingual English program hovered around the 50th percentile.This is a remarkable finding that could be used to infer that if Taiwanese children, who are native Chinese speakers, are educated in a bilingual program since preschool their intellectual capability might expire students in a Chinese only program after four years. After reading all the benefits that bilingual education can bring to students, I continued to research for the definition of bilingual education and its best practice.The Best Bilingual Education Dual Language Education Barrera (2004) defines bilingual education as using two languages to learn. Schambach (2006) said a bilingual person means he can use two languages freely in any presumptuousness situation. In terms of the best practice for bilingual education, Garcia (2007) pointed out that in teachi ng two languages, it would be best to separate them instead of combining them together. For example, at home each parent should speak a different language to the child and at school, different teachers should speak different languages.Children tend to learn the language in order to communicate. Norbert (2005) further strengthened the importance of separating two languages when teaching. Scofield (2007) specifically talked about the importance of a relaxed environment that is enriched with comprehensible language as salutary as the usage of gestures, mime, and real objects to illustrate speech and to provide input.He also suggested singing songs and rhymes and having group activities to create a conducive environment for the learners. In terms of time allocation for teaching each language, Steward (2004) cited Willigs research result which showed that students in the alternate immersion program, wherein the day is divided into two halves each entirely in one language, have the best performance in the tests of both languages. This kind of program is also called dual language program. up-to-the-minute Situation of Dual Language Education According to Barrera (2004), there are more than 270 dual language programs in the U.S. and the interest in these programs keeps growing as fast as the waiting lists. In Barreras research, she concluded that the most successful dual language program resulted when students learn one language in the morning and another one in the afternoon. There must also be a continuing non-repetitive lesson in the morning. In the succeeding morning, students must proceed to the next lesson in the other language.The important characteristics of a good dual language program as suggested by Barrera includes a minimum of six years instruction a think on the core academic curriculum high quality language arts instruction in both languages integration of the languages into the instructional thematic units separations of the two languages for instruc tion with no translation and no repeated lessons in the other language use of each language in 50 percent of the instructional time an addictive e.g. adding a new language at no cost to students first language bilingual environment that has the full support of school administrators, teachers and parents and an active parent-school partnerships. However, regardless of all the benefits of dual lingual education as shown in the research, some politicians in calcium take over think that English should be the one and only dominated language in United States. Hence, they brought up Proposition 227 to replace the bilingual and dual lingual education to total immersion method to help immigrant children learn English as fast as possible. Nevertheless, many researchers discovered that bilingual education has helped children learn English faster than the total immersion method (Krashen, 2005 Manyak, 2006 Monzo, 2005 Olson, 2007). Bilingual education has likewise helped students build more pos itive self identity by providing a sheltered learning environment (Monzo).Recommendation After learning from the studies conducted by some researchers, the Taiwanese government must reexamine their educational policy that resulted in the total ban of bilingual kindergarten education in Taiwan. I recommend that the Taiwanese government conduct an empirical study on the possible effects of dual language kindergarten education in Taiwan and recruit volunteer participants to determine if the Chinese and English bilingual kindergarten education should be reopened as an educational option for Taiwanese children. I would also like to suggest a research design which includes the preparation of the curriculum, teachers preparation, students selections and students evaluation.Curriculum Prior to conducting a research, the Education Ministry of Taiwan must initially design a Chinese and English dual lingual curriculum for kindergarten pupils. The easiest and most efficient way is to translate the current kindergarten curriculum into English. In this method, the traditional Taiwanese values are neither changed nor altered and the English language was only used as a medium of instruction. This uniform and continuing curriculum, which is part of the current dual language program, has been proven to be the most beneficial way for students learning.Teacher Preparation Secondly, the government must prepare all the teachers who will be involved in teaching the dual language program. The selection of teachers who would teach the Chinese curriculum is not as difficult as selecting teachers who could teach the English curriculum. For the Chinese curriculum, experienced teachers can be selected among a roster of kindergarten teachers. Since the current law forbids the hiring of non-Taiwanese citizens, it would not be easy to straightaway hire English instructors. There may be few Taiwanese people who could teach using the English fluently, have a solid land in early childhood e ducation and fully understand the Taiwanese culture.Since learning the language while keeping the Taiwanese cultural background are two major purposes of the dual language program, I would suggest to the Ministry of Education in Taiwan to hire Taiwanese Americans or Taiwanese people who have studied abroad for a long enough period of time and have attained a good level of English fluency. The qualification to beat a kindergarten teacher in Taiwan should not be based on the nationality but on the teachers English capability and taking into custody of Taiwanese culture.With regards to having a solid knowledge on the background of kindergarten education, I believe that teachers can be prepared within few months of extensive workshops as I became a primary teacher at an award winning independent primary school in Connecticut after a calendar week of intensive training and continuing professional development throughout the school year. In my job, I performed well as a foreign teacher. Through experience, I personally felt that it is possible to prepare any teacher for the background knowledge. Further research on this issue could be conducted to be assured that only the most qualified teachers are selected for the program.Students Selection and Follow-Up Plan Participating pupils should be voluntary and the opportunity to be a participant should be well broadcasted to all the parents who have children who are about to be enrolled in kindergarten schools. Students should be chosen from families of a mixed social economic status to represent the parkland student population in public kindergarten schools. Plans must be undertaken for students who are currently attending kindergarten so a continuing dual lingual elementary education can be achieved until the fifth grade as suggested by Garcia. Garcia discovered that the positive effects of dual language education will be manifested after 6 years of continuous education.The greatest challenge here is that all dual li ngual elementary schools in Taiwan are tete-a-tete schools and therefore the tuition fees are not affordable by every family. For this problem, the government could either give vouchers or subsidize the tuition fees of the children who have attend the dual lingual kindergarten so they could study in private dual lingual elementary schools. In addition, the government can also put an sudor to open a public dual language elementary school in each grade level to accommodate the education needs of these students.selective information Analysis Students cognitive development and academic performance will be assessed through standardized testing and observation from teachers and parents. Data analysis will focus on the findings to determine if advance cognitive development and better academic performance were achieved by students who were given the dual language program in comparison with the dual language students performance in the United States and Canada as studied by Barrera (2004) and Chan (2004). To avoid overstressing students, the test will be carefully designed and will be taken semi-annually. Likewise, students progress will be recorded for six years.Conclusions Education is the best investment for the future of a country. With the influx of globalization and slopped economic and business competition, it is time for people of Taiwan to be armed with an education that could be comparable not only to their neighboring Asian countries but also to the western countries as well. The progress of the country highly depends on its young citizens and the best way for the young citizens to be competitive is by providing them with an educational tool that will enable them to communicate with other people across the globe. English has been considered as the universal language in many parts of the world.There are no negative effects in learning a foreign language as shown in many research studies. Hence, it is time for the government of Taiwan, specifically the Min istry of Education, to study their policies and reconsider the option of reopening bilingual kindergarten schools in Taiwan. If the government intends to be the educational leader in Asia, it is time to open their doors to accept the teaching of English in preschool level.ReferencesBarrera, R., et. al. (2004). Profiles in culture. Scholastic Early Childhood Today, 19(3), 46-48.Chan, K. T. (2004). Chinese English bilinguals theory-of-mind development. University of Toronto, Toronto.Cheung, S. C. C., Jen Ru (2002). The possibility of having english education and hiring foreign teachers in kindergartens in Taiwan. Ministry of Education, Taiwan. (T. Ministry of Education o. Document Number)Chuan, C. S. (2003). My child cant speak Chinese. Taipei New Parents.Farmer, M. (1998). Creating Montessori bilingual programs. Montessori Life, 10(2), 22-25.Garcia, E. E. (2007). Bilingual development and the education of bilingual children during early childhood. American daybook of Education, 95(1 ), 96-121.Krashen, S. (2005). Skyrocketing scores An urban legend. educational Leadership, 62(4), 37-39.Lu, H.-J. C., Tai-an. (2003). An evaluation on early childhood english education in taiwan-from the perspective of language policy. Transworld Institute of Technology, Taiwan.Manyak, P. C. (2006). Fostering biliteracy in a monolingual milieu Reflections on two counter-hegemonic English immersion classes. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 6(3), 241-266.Ministry of Education, Taiwan (2004). Educational policy of preschool English education.Monzo, L. D. (2005). Latino parents choice for bilingual education in an urban California school language politics in the aftermath of mesmerism 227. Bilingual Research Journal, 29(2), 365-386.Norbert, F. (2005). Research findings on early first language attrition implication for the discussion on critical periods in language acquisition. Language Learning, 55(3), 491-531.Pajares, F. (2007). Elements of a proposal. Available from the author.Pe arson, B. Z. (2007). Social factors in childhood bilingualism in the United States. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28(3).Schambach, J. (2006). Childhood bilingualism problems and possibilities. Kansas.Schofield, A. (2007). An investigation into the practices of a class of field-based student educators working in linguistically diverse early childhood centres. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 32(2), 23-27.Stewart, M. R. (2004). Phonological awareness and bilingual preschoolers should we teach it and, if so, how? Early Childhood Education Journal 32(1), 31-37.Thomas, W. P. C., V. P. (2003). The multiple benefits of dual language dual-language programs educate both English learners and native English speakers without incurring extra costs. Educational Leadership, 61(2), 61-64.Torrez, N. M. (2001). Incoherent English immersion and California proposition 227. The Urban Review, 33(3), 207-20.Wu, S. F. C., Jen Ru. (2002). Examine preschool English education from the perspective of critic al study period. Human Education Journal, 158.

Automobile Repair and Mechanics Essay Example for Free

Automobile Repair and Mechanics EssayAutomobile repair is not only an interesting field to me, also I olfactory perception automobile maintenance is necessary knowledge to have in to daylights auto market. Like studying for school or learning the skills of a job I feel knowing how to repair a vehicle will produce a cost effective lifestyle, and take out all the hassle anyone who owns a vehicle encounters everyday. How many Ameri cornerstones can change their own oil that dont work as mechanics, or what is the average repair bill for a same day repair are questions that bring concern to how becoming my own handyman makes a productive choice. I decided to explore the topic a short more to get a better understanding of the requirements to become an auto mechanic, for I have decided to become conscious in Automotive Technology. accord to the Bureau of Labor Statistics(definition)- an auto mechanic is a technician that inspects, maintains and repairs automobiles and light trucks that run on gasoline, electricity or other alternative fuels like ethanol. Auto mechanics play a very important role in maintaining and keeping vehicles running efficiently.The field of auto mechanics reveals a long history, specialized discipline and strong career objectives for anyone that would like to choose this field as a career. There are certain requirements to become an auto mechanic, and a student can get the basics of automobile repair by taking a vocational class in amply school. The course is not really considered schooling, only the class gives a basic knowledge of what mechanics do.To be considered a qualified auto mechanic completing training at a post- inessential school like Pinellas Technical Education Centers or at a community college are the surpass choices, but the college aspect is not as lots hands on as the secondary school. PTEC consists of 2 geezerhood of intense training(brochure), and the community college usually offers an associate degree for th is field that also takes 2 years to complete the coursework. With these types of training, getting the most up to date training needed is essential like using computer systems to detect problems with cars. Anotherform of training involves working as an apprentice to a master technician so questions are answered from experience . When all the formal training is completed a mechanic is considered certified when receiving a ASE Certification. This stands for Automobile Service Excellence Certification. The Bureau of Labor statistics suggests that individuals who live in large cities should get certified to help them with their search for jobs. An auto mechanics basic job function is performed in some type of repair shop, and working 40 plus hours a work is expected with such high volume of vehicles to work on.Sometimes work can continue into the weekend, along with performing work on the side to help earn some exceptional money. The working environment for the job involves identifying and fixing problems that deal with the car in a repair shop. Most of the time repairs are done indoors in a large, open garage like facility, including mechanics to get dirty payable to all the grease repairs performed daily. These functions are real important that this does not anaesthetise someone who might want to do this as a job, for some of the grease and dirt is almost impossible to get completely rid of. galore(postnominal) shops have now included electrical technology as part of their services due to the fact that most cars have specialized computer systems. This cutting service has increased the mechanics skill direct greatly (resource). Many repair shops rely on these computerized systems to help in identifying problems related to the car (Ly). The margin auto mechanic is slowly fading away, and many mechanics are now being labeled as service technicians.The change in the mark comes from the fact that working on many different parts of the car, and computer systems that require additional and more advanced training. Auto mechanics make a pretty good living. Starting out as a new auto mechanic the annual income will range between $25,000 $35,000. The next level mechanic could make $35,000- $45,000. After that the pay can be anywhere from $45,000 up to $100,000, for the higher pay range is for a Master Mechanic. It would be best to try and achieve the highest level of pay to make this job worthwhile.This is not exactly a goal that I am going to set frontwards for myself to achieve because simply auto work is all Im interested in. Many Master Mechanics work for luxury car manufacturers like Mercedes, BMW, Jaguar and Porsche. The emerging for service technicians looks very bright. For the next 3 years the auto mechanics field will see an increase close to 10- 20%. This increase is due to many technicians retiring, and due to an increase in cars being purchased. Dealerships and independent car repair shops will be the main employers of service technicians.The outlook continues to look controlling for auto mechanics even though economic downfall is predicted to continue. In conclusion, auto mechanics is a very diverse field that requires complete dedication and skill to help become successful. Mechanics involves a long history, specialized schooling and the desire to achieve. Auto mechanics has evolved into a very complex and sometimes challenging field, and the future job outlook for this field is great and it is a very good choice for anyone interested in pursuing this career.

Organisational Structures in Social Work

Organisational Structures in Social WorkOrganisations Working Separately and Individuals Working in Isolation be no Longer an OptionIntroductionThis paper will consider the key ideas and theories lowlying organizations. In doing so there will be particular slow-wittedness on the areas of mental health and loving services. There will be an examination of the legislative context and policy changes as they apply to the chosen areas. Since the 1990 NHS and participation Care move there has been hefty emphasis on confederation scoreing and the importance of this to mental health and social services will be examined. Attention will also be paid to the experiences of users and carers, particularly as it relates to issues of power and inequality. The paper will begin with a general introduction to the areas under consideration.It is no longer an option for organizations to work in isolation, this is particularly the case with organization concerned with services to the public. The o rganizations which come under the umbrella of what is known as human services operate in both the public and the private arenas. The introduction of market principles into areas that were once the sole responsibility of the state welfare system, has meant that an increase number of human service workers are employed in the private sector. Human Service agreements are comprised of medical staff and others such as administrators, cooks and cleaners employed by the NHS or in private practice, the police and probation services, the prison services, social services, and to a limited extent those working in education. Certainly the pre-school sector could be described as a human service organisation because of the many different services the sector performs. Many of these are self-imposed organisations. The voluntary human services might also include organisations that helper the disabled, organisations such as Adaction which work with alcoholics and spate with drug problems, and chief, a voluntary sector organisation which caters for people with mental health problems.Social ServicesPeople seeking to work in the human services usually do better if they hurl had some prior experience. This might be through undertaking work placements or by undertaking voluntary work for a time. In social work, this is likely to be even more the case because prior community involvement is seen as a valuable asset. This may be a consequence of the fact that the social services has its roots in the voluntary charity work of the late nineteenth century. The role of a social worker is in the first place defined by what used to be known as personal social services. This is because on the whole social workers are concerned with exclusives and the care they may need.In the field of human services social work may be seen as both typical, and untypical , firstly its aim is to provide a personal service that benefits other people, social workers are more likely than other human se rvice workers to be involved with people on an individual basis, often for a prolonged period of time. In other areas of the human services contact with the public is usually more fleeting. As a military issue of current politics policy a social worker who may be involved with clients with mental health needs, may find themselves in alliance with the NHS (or community mental health team) and a voluntary organisation such as Mind. More importantly, Government expects social care and health professionals to work tumefy-nigh and collaboratively with service users. What social work consists of is decided by Parliament. This is because the Government defines the statutes that outline social workers responsibilities and the people towards whom they claim that responsibility, also the manner in which such responsibilities should be undertaken, and the legislative framework that underpins the professional practice of social work (Brayne and Martin, 1995).1 Social workers accommodate t o abide by the code of practice set by the common Social Care Council, and are define by the 1970 Social Services Act as it applies to local anesthetic authorities. Since the Human Rights Act of 1998 social workers are bound by law to respect the inherent rights and dignity of every human person.Social workers are bound by the 1990 Community Care Act and ensuant legislation. topical anesthetic Authorities are also by the Disability Discrimination Act and social workers whose clients who have mental or physical disabilities Social workers have to be familiar with this Act as well as the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act of 1970. Social workers also need to be cognisant of what defines a person with mental or physical or disabilities and how their needs might best be addressed. Local authorites have to regulate services to mess accommodate both their own financial restraints and peoples needs and disabilitie. The social worker is bound by the same terms as their employer . Local role Social Service Departments have a legal concern to find out if there are people with disabilities in their area, what the number is, and what help the Department is able to offer. Details of services should be published and the department has a duty to inform clients of their rights in relation to the services they provide.2 The Local Authority and also the social worker have to take into account the major implications of the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act when dealing with people who have mental or physical difficulties. Disability is defined under this Act disability asDisability is defined as a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities (Brayne and Martin, 1999460).Social workers have a duty to assess the service needs that disabled service users may have and decide whether they can help the person with that need. There is also a considerable emphasis within social ser vices on encouraging the user to participate in decisions regarding their care. At the same time social workers are boost to lessen the power differential between themselves and service users, this means engaging in anti-oppressive practice e.g. accessible language, and doing what they can to put individuals.Policy ChangesChanges in Government social policy during the 1970s and 1980s military issueed in significant changes to those organizations which provided services for people with disabilities, people with learning disabilities, and older people (Kirk, 1998). As a result of Government spending cuts numbers of institutions were closed and this resulted in care being increasingly focused on the community. The Griffiths Report (1988) was commissioned by the Government and it recommended that local authorities should be enablers, who organized and directed community care. Local authorities would no longer be the sole providers of care, but would have their own budgets to buy car e from the private and voluntary sector.This policy became a matter of statute under the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act. The Act stipulated that individual care packages would be nonionic by local authorities with input from voluntary and charitable organisations. The terms of the Act resulted in an increase in the burden of care for the social work profession. Under the 1990 Act social workers are required to make initial assessments and then refer clients to the appropriate services. The Act emphasized confederation working in all areas and social workers now have to consult with professionals from all walks of life in order to adequately provide for their clients needs. The Government has been committed to this idea of partnership working and has regularly updated the terms since coming to power, and produced a white paper on the delivery of integrated health and social care in July of remainder year.3When it comes to clients with mental health needs many social workers may f ind themselves working in conjunction with the organization known as Mind.MindMind is the leading mental health charity in both England and Wales.4 Mind has over 200 local associations which run drop in centres, help lines, bust housing advice and work with mental health professionals and social workers to improve the lives of people with mental health difficulties. The aims of Mind are as followsAdvancing the views, needs and ambitions of people with mental health problemsChallenging discrimination and promoting inclusionInfluencing policy through campaigning and educationInspiring the development of quality services which reflect express need and diversityAchieving equal rights through campaigning and education.5Their aims demonstrate that Mind is geared towards the minimalisation of inequalitites and the promotion of the needs and rights of people with mental health difficulties. Mind aims to empower its users and to encourage their participation in assessing and providing for their needs.Mind campaigns to improve the lives of those with mental health problems and to raise awareness in the wider community so that the public and the Government are more accepting of people with these needs. Mind also advises Government, Health Authorities, and Social Services Departments on what is best practice for addressing mental health needs. In this manner Mind might be said to be a good advertisement for partnership working which, as Molyneux (2001)6 reminds us can sometimes be problematic.Social Services and MindMind is aware of the contribution that social workers make and points out that the right kind of social care can go a long way to alleviating the stress that mental health difficulties may bring. At present mental health users receive only a micro amount of social care and are often referred for medical help alone. However, this course of action neglects the enormous social consequences that mental health difficulties can have and how it affects family uni ts. Greater availability of social care would go a long way to alleviating such difficulties. The increasing Government emphasis on partnership working should lead to a greater connection between those who work for social services and the staff of mind. The two of them together could be of considerable help in assisting sufferers to reintegrate back into society after a long hospital stay.ConclusionThis paper has examined some of the theories and structures underlying social service departments and the charity called Mind. It has looked at the legislative and policy contexts as they apply to people who need social care and who may also have mental health problems. It has looked at partnership working and how the responsibilities that are incumbent upon social workers are intended to minimalise inequalities and to substantially lessen the power differential between service users and service providers.BibliographyBanks, S. 2003 From oaths to rulebooks a vituperative examination of co des of ethics for the social professions European journal of Social Work Volume 6 No. 2 July 2003 p. 133-144Brayne and Martin 6th ed. 1999 Law for Social Workers London, Blackstone campaignhttp//www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/Molyneux, J 2001 Interprofessional team working What makes teams work well? Journal of Inter-professional Care 15 (1) 2001 p.1-7http//www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/http//www.mind.org.uk/About+Mind/ p.1Disability Discrimination Act 1995 http//www.drc-gb.org/thelaw/thedda.asphttp//www.after16.org.uk/pages/law5.htmlhttp//www.after16.org.uk/pages/law5.html1Footnotes1 Brayne and Martin 6th ed. 1999 Law for Social Workers London, Blackstone Press2 http//www.after16.org.uk/pages/law5.html3 http//www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/4 http//ww w.mind.org.uk/About+Mind/5 http//www.mind.org.uk/About+Mind/ p.16 Molyneux, J 2001 Interprofessional team working What makes teams work well? Journal of Inter-professional Care 15 (1) 2001 p.1-7